评估营养教育计划对低收入青年知识和饮食行为的影响:社会认知理论视角
Kahyun Nam1, Pamela Hodges Kulinna2, Margarita Pivovarova2
1College of Education and Human Service Professions, University of Minnesota - Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
The Journal of school health
|December 4, 2025
概括
课后营养计划改善了低收入儿童的知识,但没有改变行为. 需要更长期,更全面的干预措施来解决儿童肥胖和营养差异.
科学领域:
- 儿童营养 儿童营养
- 公共卫生干预 公共卫生干预
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 儿童肥胖不成比例地影响低收入的西班牙裔儿童.
- 课后项目 (ASP) 为有针对性的营养干预提供了一个平台.
- 解决营养差异对于儿童健康平等至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在小学环境中评估一个为期5周的营养教育计划.
- 评估该计划对营养知识,自我效能和饮食行为的影响.
- 确定影响知识和行为变化的因素,在服务不足的学生群体.
主要方法:
- 在一所标题I学校,与80名学生 (3-6年级) 实施了为期5周的一般营养教育计划.
- 营养知识,自我效能和饮食行为使用健康盘子照片方法 (HPPM) 和健康习惯调查 (HHS) 进行了测量.
- 用ANCOVA和调解分析分析数据,以确定计划的有效性和变量之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在营养知识方面观察到显著的改善 (HPPM:R2=0.51,p<0.001;HHS:R2=0.52,p<0.001).
- 节目出席积极预测知识获取 (β=0.38-0.39).
- 没有发现自我有效性 (p=0.53) 或饮食行为 (p=0.82) 的显著变化,自我有效性没有调解知识-行为联系.
结论:
- 简短的课后营养干预可以有效地提高贫困儿童的基础营养知识.
- 持续的饮食行为改变需要全面的,多层次的干预措施,解决个人,家庭和社区因素.
- 未来的干预措施应包括自我效能建设战略和环境支持,以及家庭和社区参与,以克服社会经济障碍.
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