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英吉利海峡游泳表现中的性别差异:自然界的一个实验
Lucas A Lacambra1, Jonathon W Senefeld2,3, Michael J Joyner4,5
1Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 4, 2025
概括
男性游泳者在英吉利海峡横渡时比女性更快,差异在表现最好的运动员和老年运动员中最为明显. 在开放水域游泳.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 性别在耐力表现上的差异已经得到了充分的证据.
- 这些差异在超耐力游泳比赛中似乎较小,比如穿越英吉利海峡.
- 年龄和水温等因素可能会影响这些基于性别的绩效差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查单人英吉利海峡游泳表现中的性别差异.
- 评估年龄和水温对这些性别差异的影响.
- 为了比较超耐力游泳中的性别差异与超耐力跑的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 追溯分析2593个人英吉利海峡游泳 (1875-2025年).
- 数据来源于海峡游泳和飞行联合会数据库.
- 分析仅限于年龄和水温子组中的前100名游泳者,以尽量减少变化.
主要成果:
- 在所有游泳中,男性比女性快2.2%.
- 在前100名游泳者中,男性游泳速度快7.2%.
- 性差异随着年龄的增长而增加,在60岁以上的游泳者中达到26.5%,高达60.5%.
- 在所有水温方面,雄性表现优于雌性;两性最佳表现在17°C和17.9°C之间.
- 游泳中的性别差异小于超耐力跑的性别差异.
结论:
- 男性游泳者在英吉利海峡横跨时比女性游泳者更快.
- 性能差距随着年龄的增长而扩大,在精英游泳者中最为明显.
- 开放水域游泳的独特要求可能会削弱在其他耐力运动中看到的典型男性优势.
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