传统和可生物降解的微塑料都会损害土壤循环和通过微生物抑制的可用性
Chengming Zhang1,2,3, Ziyi Zhao2, Fengwu Zhou2
1Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences for Monitoring and Evaluation of Rural Land Utilization, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Environmental science & technology
|December 5, 2025
概括
微塑料破坏土壤循环,减少可用的和微生物活动. 传统的和可生物降解的MP都显著改变了土壤化学和微生物群落,影响了土壤健康.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 越来越多地被认为是土壤污染物.
- 它们对基本的生态化学过程的影响,特别是 (P) 循环,尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究传统 (聚乙烯,PE) 和可生物降解 (聚乳酸,PLA) 微塑料对农业土壤中微生物介导的循环的影响.
- 评估土壤P可用性,化学物种,微生物群落结构和酸酶活性的变化.
主要方法:
- 用PE和PLA微塑料修订进行了150天的土壤化实验.
- 分析了土壤中可用的 (AP),与P相关的功能组,P循环微生物种群,酸酶基因丰度 (phoA/D/X) 和酶活动.
主要成果:
- 微塑料显著改变了土壤的P循环,在90天后,AP减少了约15%.
- 福里埃变换红外光谱显示了AP相关的功能组减弱,特别是在PLA处理下.
- 关键的P循环细菌 (Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Sphingomonas) 的丰度和酸酶基因表达减少.
- 酸性,中性和性酸酶的活动被抑制,性酸酶在PE处理的土壤中减少了34.1%.
结论:
- 微塑料,无论是传统的还是可生物降解的,都会扰乱土壤循环中的生物转化途径.
- 这种破坏导致土壤P的化学特异变化和AP含量降低.
- 这些发现挑战了可生物降解塑料的良性假设,并突出了对土壤健康,微生物P动员和肥料使用效率的风险.
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