年轻学生的饮食习惯和生活方式中的性别差异:来自MaestraNatura计划的观察评估
Annalisa Silenzi1, Letizia Giona2,3, Giulia Zanchi1
1Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Frontiers in nutrition
|December 5, 2025
概括
意大利儿童表现出性别特异的饮食习惯. 该MaestraNatura (MN) 计划改善了学生的健康饮食和体育活动,强调了有针对性的营养教育的必要性.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 不健康的饮食和久坐不动的生活方式是慢性非传染性疾病的主要风险因素.
- 投资于儿童健康教育可以带来终身的社会效益.
- 该MaestraNatura (MN) 计划旨在增强小学和中学学生的食品和营养知识.
研究的目的:
- 评估8-14岁儿童的饮食习惯和遵守意大利饮食指南 (IDG).
- 确定性别和父母对儿童饮食选择和行为的影响.
- 评估MN计划对生活方式和饮食模式的影响.
主要方法:
- 对意大利6个地区的1037名学生和220名家长进行了有关饮食习惯和体育活动的问卷调查.
- 分析了来自158名中学生的数据,分别在两年MN计划之前和之后.
- 利用奇平方测试和ANOVA来评估反应,IDG坚持,性别和学校类型的差异.
主要成果:
- 儿童平均遵守IDG,在蔬菜,水,坚果和商业饼干消费方面存在性别差异.
- 男性消耗更多的水和商业饼干,而女性消耗更多的蔬菜和坚果.
- 与女性相比,男性在体育炼中的参与度更高.
- 该计划增加了水,蔬菜,水果和豆类的消费,同时减少了零食的摄入量和增加了体力活动.
结论:
- 意大利儿童在饮食行为中表现出基于性别的差异.
- 有针对性的营养计划对于提高人们对健康生活方式的认识至关重要.
- 像MN这样的干预措施可以有效地纠正饮食习惯,并促进儿童更健康的生活方式.
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