严重精神疾病患者的物质使用模式:埃塞俄比亚的一项病例控制研究
Melkam Alemayehu1, Awoke Mihretu1, Ruth Tsigebrhan1
1Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|December 5, 2025
概括
在埃塞俄比亚,物质使用障碍很常见. 这项研究发现,严重精神疾病 (SMI) 患者的烟草和卡特使用率较高,但酒精使用率较低,突出了针对性干预的必要性.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和心理健康 精神病学和心理健康
- 药物使用障碍 药物使用障碍
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 药物使用障碍 (SUD) 在撒哈拉以南非洲越来越普遍.
- 在SUD和严重精神疾病 (SMI) 之间存在双向风险,导致更糟糕的结果.
- 这项研究调查了埃塞俄比亚SMI患者的物质使用模式.
研究的目的:
- 检查埃塞俄比亚常见物质使用 (卡特,酒精,烟草,大麻) 和SMI之间的联系.
- 为了将SMI患者的物质使用模式与年龄和性别匹配的对照进行比较.
- 为公共卫生策略提供信息,用于管理同时发生的SUD和SMI.
主要方法:
- 一个用埃塞俄比亚NeuroGAP-Psychosis项目数据进行的病例控制研究.
- 包括6,500名SMI患者和6,500名匹配的对照人群.
- 后勤回归分析以确定当前常规物质使用与SMI之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,SMI患者经常使用烟草 (OR=4.8) 和卡特 (OR=1.6) 的比例显著高于对照组.
- 与对照人群相比,SMI (OR=0.1) 个体的定期饮酒量较低.
- 大麻使用的流行率很低,病例和对照之间很相似.
结论:
- 烟草和卡特的使用与埃塞俄比亚人口的严重精神疾病有显著的关联.
- 在SMI患者中使用卡特的高流行率对心理健康结果构成重大风险.
- 基于证据的查和治疗服务对于减轻SMI患者使用卡特和烟草对健康的不良影响至关重要.
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