中年美国人的认知结果趋势跨越了三个出生队列
Rebecca T Brown1,2,3,4, Xi Zuo5, Corey T McMillan6
1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PloS one
|December 5, 2025
概括
中年美国人表现出混合的认知趋势. 后来出生的人群最初的认知分数较低,但下降速度较慢,尽管少数群体和受教育程度较低的人群仍然存在差异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 中年对于解决晚年认知衰退的风险因素至关重要.
- 自20世纪90年代以来,慢性疾病,即认知障碍的危险因素在中年成年人中增加了.
- 在这个人口群体中认知轨迹的趋势和认知障碍的发生率尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 检查认知轨迹和中年美国人的认知障碍的发生率.
- 为了比较不同出生队伍 (战争婴儿,早期婴儿潮一代,中期婴儿潮一代) 的认知结果.
主要方法:
- 研究人员对7852名50-56岁的健康和退休研究 (HRS) 参与者进行了队列研究.
- 参与者每两年进行跟踪,直到65岁,用HRS认知测试电池评估认知功能.
- 混合效应模型和考克斯回归模型用于分析认知变化和认知障碍不痴呆症 (CIND) 的发生率.
主要成果:
- 中期婴儿潮一代的基线认知得分较低,但与早期队列相比,认知衰退的速度较慢.
- 白人早期和中期潮一代最初的CIND风险比战争婴儿更高,但这种趋势在后续跟踪中稍后反转.
- 较低的教育程度和少数民族的种族/民族地位与更糟糕的认知结果的风险更高有关.
结论:
- 中年美国人的认知趋势呈现出一个复杂的画面.
- 虽然后来的队列表现出较慢的认知衰退,但基于教育和种族/种族的基础上,仍然存在显著的差异.
- 针对中年可改变的风险因素对于减轻晚年认知衰退和减少健康差异至关重要.
更多相关视频
06:58Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
Published on: January 24, 2020
7.7K
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.5K
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
737
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
737
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
439
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
439
01:17Cognitivism
2.6K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.6K
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
248
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
248
01:30Information Processing Approach
469
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
469
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
6.8K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.8K