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性能预测和运动员分类使用无氧动力储备框架在划船
Ludwig Rappelt1,2, Lars Donath1, Tim Wiedenmann1
1Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
|December 5, 2025
概括
无氧动力储备 (APR) 框架有效预测划船性能,并识别不同的冲刺和耐力运动员配置文件. 这种生理多样性凸显了在精英划船中需要量身定制的训练策略.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 划船性能分析 划船性能分析
背景情况:
- 奥运会划船距离在2028年奥运会上变为1500米.
- 厌氧动力储备 (APR) 框架已被提议用于评估厌氧能力和区分运动员生理特征.
- 了解这些个人资料对于优化训练和优化精英划船员的表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查APR框架对模拟2000米划船性能 (P2k) 的预测能力.
- 通过使用APR相关指标来识别划船者的独特生理特征.
- 探索有氧和无氧对划船性能贡献的关系.
主要方法:
- 31名女性和63名男性精英划船员接受了测试,以测试最大氧气吸收 (V̇O2max),最大乳酸积累率 (cLamax),峰值功率输出 (PPO) 和各种血液乳酸度 (MAP,P2,P4) 的功率输出.
- 后向渐进回归模型被开发来预测P2k,使用k-fold交叉验证验证性能.
- 基于动力储备比率 (PRR) 的K-平均集群被用于将运动员分类为子组.
主要成果:
- 回归模型在女性 (R2=0.90) 和男性 (R2=0.93) 中都显示出P2k的优异预测准确性,其中关键预测因素包括P4,PPO,V̇O2max (女性) 和MAP (男性).
- 共同性分析表明预测变量之间存在大量的共享差异 (~90%).
- K-意味着根据PRR值将成功分化的划船员分为冲刺类型和耐力类型的配置文件.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了有氧和无氧系统在决定划船性能方面的重要相互作用.
- 划船者之间存在着不同的生理特征 (冲刺与耐力),即使是具有相似整体性能水平的划船者.
- 建议对PRR进行纵向监测,以识别人才并制定个性化的培训计划.
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