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Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski1, Jason Pittman, Sam Joseph
1From the Division Personalized Pain Research and Education, Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Lewandrowski), University of Arizona, Banner Medical Center, Tucson, AZ (Lewandrowski), Department of Orthopaedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas Bogotá D.C. Colombia (Lewandrowski), Dr. honoris causa Department of Orthopedics at Hospital Universitário Gaffree Guinle Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Foreign Corresponding Member of Colombian National Academy of Medicine, Foreign Corresponding Member of the Brazilian Military Medical Academy, President Interamerican Society For Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SICCMI) (Lewandrowski), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (Pittman), HCA/USF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joseph Spine Institute, Tampa, FL (Joseph), Excel Spine Center, UCSD Medical Center East Campus, Minimally Invasive Center of Excellence, San Diego, CA (Kim), Desert Institute For Spine Care, Phoenix, AZ (Yeung), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Vaccaro).
内镜脊柱手术 (ESS) 提供了诸如更快的恢复和更少的干扰等好处. 本综述详细介绍了ESS技术,应用和改善患者护理的挑战.
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