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相关概念视频

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

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Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
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Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

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When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
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First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...
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Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

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In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
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The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
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Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
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从少数实体示例中生成概括的基本状态设想.

Matt Lourens1, Ilya Sinayskiy2,3, Johannes N Kriel1

  • 1Stellenbosch University, Department of Physics, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Physical review letters
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

我们开发了一种使用符号语言和进化算法的新方法,以创建准确且可分析的量子多体基本状态. 这种方法确保了可扩展性,并捕捉了各种模型的基本系统属性.

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科学领域:

  • 量子物理学的量子物理学
  • 计算物理学的计算物理.
  • 凝聚物质理论 凝聚物质理论

背景情况:

  • 准确的基本状态答案对于理解量子多体系统至关重要.
  • 现有的方法经常在分析处理性或可扩展性方面扎.
  • 开发通用和高效的Ansätze仍然是一个关键的挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 为量子多体系统引入一种用于生成基态的新方法.
  • 为了确保这些Ansätze在广泛的参数范围内既可分析处理,又准确.
  • 开发可以自动随系统大小扩展的Ansätze.

主要方法:

  • 使用自定义的符号语言来构建张量网络状态.
  • 使用进化算法来生成和优化答案.
  • 评估小系统上的Ansatz适应性,以预测大型系统的性能.
  • 在Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick和量子横场Ising模型上演示该方法.

主要成果:

  • 产生具有普遍性质的分析可处理的Ansätze.
  • 答案成功编码相关性并捕捉有限大小的效应.
  • 准确预测基态能量和描述关键现象.
  • 确定了适用于两个测试模型的单一Ansatz.
  • 获得了预期值和相关函数的确切表达式.

结论:

  • 开发的方法提供了一种系统的方式来生成准确和可扩展的基底状态答案.
  • 生成的Ansätze表现出普遍性,并提供了对量子系统行为的见解.
  • 恢复破碎的对称性为系统地提高Ansatz准确性提供了一条途径.