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相关概念视频

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Condensins02:15

Condensins

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Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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相关实验视频

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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两个CTCF图案阻碍了凝聚力介导的DNA循环挤出.

Roman Barth1, Richard Janissen1, Laura Muras1

  • 1Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands.

Molecular cell
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
概括

人类凝聚力将DNA挤出成循环,但它如何在CTCF停滞不前尚不清楚. 研究人员发现了YDF和KTYQR两种CTCF基因,通过不同的机制阻碍DNA循环挤出 (LE),揭示了CTCF如何调节基因组结构.

关键词:
阿尔法折叠是什么意思阿尔法折叠在CTCF中,CTCF是指CTCF.在DNA循环挤出过程中,染色体组织是染色体组织.凝聚力 在凝聚力中磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers 磁性 tweezers单分子光是一种单分子光.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 人类凝聚力调解DNA循环挤出 (LE),这是基因组组织的一个基本过程.
  • 在CCCTC-结合因子 (CTCF) 中凝聚蛋白停滞对于基因组定位至关重要,但潜在的机制仍然难以捉摸.
  • CTCF的N终端区域 (NTR) 参与阻断凝聚素的DNA循环挤出活动.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明CTCF的N终端区域 (NTR) 阻碍凝聚蛋白介导的DNA循环挤出 (LE) 的分子机制.
  • 为了在CTCF NTR中识别特定的氨基酸基因,负责阻碍凝聚素的挤出活性.

主要方法:

  • 采用单分子测试来直接监测DNA循环挤出 (LE) 动态.
  • 利用含有特定氨基酸基因 (YDF,KTYQR) 的CTCF N-终端区域 (NTR) 的片段,探测与凝聚素的相互作用.
  • 评估了这些图案对凝聚力LE阶段周期和方向性的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在CTCF的NTR中确定了两个关键的氨基酸基因:YDF和KTYQR,这些基因阻碍了凝聚素的DNA循环挤出 (LE).
  • KTYQR图案完全取消了凝聚素的LE活动.
  • YDF图案阻碍了LE步循环的完成,并通过增强STAG1-DNA结合来诱导单向挤出.

结论:

  • 在CTCF的NTR,YDF和KTYQR中,两个不同的动机通过不同的但协同作用的机制,通过不同的但协同作用的机制阻断凝聚素介导的DNA循环挤出 (LE).
  • 这些发现揭示了CTCF如何利用特定的动机来调节凝聚素的活性,从而塑造和调节基因组结构.
  • 突出了CTCF和凝聚素在建立高阶染色体结构中的复杂相互作用.