巨细胞和组织平衡:从生理功能到疾病发作
Yehua Li1, Huanhuan Chen1, Shen'ao Zhou2
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
|December 6, 2025
概括
巨细胞作为组织微环境工程师,调节健康和疾病. 新的策略重编程瘤相关巨细胞 (TAMs) 用于癌症治疗,提供有前途的治疗途径.
科学领域:
- 免疫学和细胞生物学
- 癌症生物学和治疗方法
- 微环境工程 微环境工程
背景情况:
- 巨细胞已经进化超过M1/M2两极分化,成为关键的"组织微环境工程师".
- 它们通过细胞化,代谢调节和组织特异性功能来维持生理稳定,受表观遗传学和神经免疫相互作用的影响.
- 在病态状态下异常的巨细胞功能有助于慢性炎症,纤维化,代谢障碍和神经退行.
研究的目的:
- 探索巨细胞作为生物体恒温和疾病的调节者的多方面的作用.
- 在瘤微环境 (TME) 中研究瘤相关巨细胞 (TAM) 的可塑性.
- 审查针对TAM用于癌症治疗的新型治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 关于巨细胞生物学,极化和在生理和病理条件下的功能的当前文献的综述.
- 分析TAM表型及其对瘤进展的贡献,包括血管新生,免疫抑制和入侵.
- 评估新兴的治疗干预措施,如CRISPR-Cas9编辑,基于纳米粒子的重编程,CAR-M 2.0和微生物代谢物治疗.
主要成果:
- 巨细胞通过复杂的微环境相互作用动态调节组织稳态和疾病进展.
- 在TME中,TAMs采用前瘤表型,促进血管生成 (VEGF),免疫逃避 (IL-10/PD-L1) 和入侵.
- 像CAR-M 2.0和纳米粒子重编程这样的新策略在调节TAM到抗瘤状态方面表现出有效性.
结论:
- 巨细胞是组织微环境的关键参与者,影响健康和疾病.
- 通过细胞工程准TAM为癌症治疗提供了一个有希望的前沿.
- 尽管临床翻译存在挑战,但以巨细胞为中心的策略在治疗瘤和其他疾病方面具有革命性的潜力.
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