脑膜抑制失败后复发或不耐药的急性髓性白血病的结果
Kuo-Kai Chin1, Brian J Ball2, Yasmin Abaza3
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States.
Blood advances
|December 6, 2025
概括
在复发性或耐药性急性髓性白血病中,脑膜抑制剂治疗失败后的结果很差. 然而,可以通过基于venetoclax的疗法或切换脑膜抑制剂来实现反应,而特定的突变表明耐药性.
科学领域:
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 梅宁抑制剂 (MENINi) 为复发性或耐火性 (R/R) 急性髓性白血病 (AML) 提供了有前途的治疗方法,其中包括KMT2A重组 (KMT2Ar) 和NPM1突变 (NPM1c).
- 了解MENINi失败后的治疗结果对于管理R/RAML患者至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在MENINi失败后研究R/RAML的成年患者的突变格局和随后的治疗结果.
- 在这个具有挑战性的患者群体中确定有效的治疗策略和预后因素.
主要方法:
- 一项多中心的回顾性研究,涉及84名来自美国4个中心的成年患者,他们被诊断患有R/RAML后MENINi失败.
- 数据收集包括患者人口统计,先前的治疗 (强化疗法,venetoclax,干细胞移植),随后的治疗和临床结果.
- 基因组分析分析以确定与治疗耐药性相关的突变.
主要成果:
- 患者进行了大量的预治疗,其中86%接受了先前的密集化疗和77%接受了先前的venetoclax.
- 在MENINi失败后,40%的患者接受了支持性护理,而60%的患者接受了进一步的治疗,通常是低甲剂/venetoclax (HMA/VEN) 或基于吉尔特利尼布的治疗.
- 非试验治疗的整体响应率 (ORR) 为32%,完全缓解/完全缓解与不完全的血液恢复 (CR/CRi) 主要通过HMA/VEN,强化化疗加VEN或MENIi切换实现.
- 没有FLT3突变患者对吉尔特利尼布有反应.
- 从下一次治疗开始的平均整体存活期 (mOS) 为4.4个月,在CR/CRi (15.4个月) 达到CR/CRi的患者中相比没有反应的患者 (3.4个月) 显著更长.
- FLT3-ITD,WT1和MEN1突变与耐药性有关.
结论:
- 在MENINi失败后,R/RAML患者的结局通常很差.
- 基于Venetoclax的疗法和切换到不同的脑膜抑制剂显示出实现反应的潜力.
- 识别FLT3-ITD,WT1和MEN1等特定突变对于预测对MENIi治疗的耐药性很重要.
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