中国老年人身体活动轨迹和认知能力下降:一项纵向队列研究
Lulu Tang1,2, Xiaojia Pan3, Yunlan Wang1,2
1Department of Nursing, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
BMC geriatrics
|December 6, 2025
概括
随着时间的推移,保持高水平的体力活动 (PA) 会减缓老年人的认知能力下降. 在中国成年人中观察到这种保护作用,这突显了持续炼对大脑健康的重要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是老年人群的重大公共卫生问题.
- 身体活动 (PA) 是缓解认知恶化的一个已知的因素.
- 长期的PA模式及其对认知衰退率的影响尚未得到充分研究,特别是在中国.
研究的目的:
- 调查长期体育活动轨迹与中国老年人认知能力下降率之间的关联.
- 在中国老年人群中识别明显的身体活动模式.
- 分析这些模式对随着时间的推移对认知功能的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS) 的3471名老年人 (≥60岁) 的纵向队列的分析.
- 在四个波段 (2011-2018) 中使用基于组的轨迹建模 (GBTM) 识别体力活动 (PA) 轨迹.
- 评估全球认知功能 (情节性记忆,精神完整性) 使用线性混合模型,调整为共变量.
主要成果:
- 确定了两个不同的PA轨迹:"高下降" (43.4%) 和"低增长" (56.6%).
- 与"低增长"组相比",高下降"PA轨迹组的认知衰退 (全球认知和精神完整性) 显著减缓.
- 亚组分析表明,75岁以上的参与者,女性,高等教育者和农村居民的认知衰退速度较慢.
结论:
- 持续较高的体力活动水平与中国老年人认知能力下降的速度较慢有关.
- 身体活动对认知的保护作用在特定的人口分组中更为明显.
- 研究结果强调了促进持续体育活动对老年人群认知健康的重要性.
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