开发一种基于机器学习的预测模型,用于在全身麻醉下进行非心脏手术的脆弱老年患者的术后妄想
Qiufeng Wang1,2, Didi Mu2, Xiaofeng Wang2
1Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China.
European geriatric medicine
|December 7, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一种准确的机器学习模型,用于预测脆弱的老年人手术后痴呆症 (POD),确定早期干预和改善患者结果的关键风险因素.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 脆弱的老年人患术后妄想症 (POD) 的发病率很高,导致发病率增加和医疗费用增加.
- 准确的POD预测对于实施有针对性的预防策略和改善患者治疗结果至关重要.
- 机器学习为开发使用全面患者数据的预测模型提供了先进的技术.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种机器学习模型,用于在接受非心脏手术的脆弱老年患者中预测POD.
- 确定POD的关键手术前和手术内预测因素.
- 评估开发的预测模型的临床实用性和性能.
主要方法:
- 招募了2089名虚弱患者 (≥65岁) 接受非心脏手术,全身麻醉.
- 提取了38个变量;使用多重归算 (MICE) 处理了缺失的数据.
- 训练并比较了八个机器学习模型 (XGBoost,后勤回归等). 使用Boruta和LASSO进行特征选择,ROC-AUC作为主要指标. 为了解释性,使用了SHAP分析.
主要成果:
- 在研究队列中,POD的发病率为16.52%.
- 使用Boruta和LASSO识别的15个关键预测因素,XGBoost模型实现了0.813的AUC,优于其他模型.
- SHAP分析强调了MMSE得分,查尔森并发症指数和年龄作为重要的预测因素. 外部验证证实了强大的性能,没有过度装配.
结论:
- 一个强大的基于XGBoost的模型有效地预测了在接受非心脏手术的脆弱老年患者中POD.
- 该模型展示了机器学习在该人群中临床风险分层的潜力.
- 该模型可以及时识别高风险患者进行干预,改善临床工作流程和患者护理.
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