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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

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可见光诱导的 perfluoroalkylation/循环,通过基于基键的电子捐赠-接受器 (EDA) 复合体获得 perfluoroalkylated pyrazol-5-ones

Sheng Yu1, Yangjian Cheng1, Guocheng Yin1

  • 1School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.

The Journal of organic chemistry
|December 7, 2025
PubMed
概括

一种新的方法使用基于素键的电子供体-受体复合体来产生 perfluoroalkylated pyrazol-5-ones. 这种反应由1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) 和蓝色LED促进,提供了一种温和高效的合成路径.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding06:44

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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
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Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
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Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
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