提交给美国环保署的十多年的压载水数据:朝着更好的合规趋势的趋势
Peter Stehouwer1, Guillaume Drillet2, Claudio Gianoli3
1SGS Germany, Heidenkampsweg 99, 20097, Hamburg, Germany.
Marine pollution bulletin
|December 7, 2025
概括
美国的美国. 船舶通用许可 (VGP) 要求压载水处理系统 (BWTS) 报告细菌和生物制剂数据. 对十年报告的分析显示,不合规率很低,随着时间的推移,趋势正在改善.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 监管合规性 监管合规性
背景情况:
- 美国环境保护局 (EPA) 在2008年实施了船舶通用许可证 (VGP),以减轻船舶排放对环境的影响.
- 为了遵守压载水管理的VGP,需要每年报告压载水处理系统 (BWTS) 的细菌和生物制剂数据.
- 美国唯一要求在联邦水域排放压载水的船舶进行例行采样和分析.
研究的目的:
- 分析了根据VGP向EPA提交的十年的压载水排放数据.
- 在BWTS中评估细菌和生物制剂参数的合规率.
- 为了识别随着时间的推移合规的趋势.
主要方法:
- 在2014年至2023年期间向EPA提交的近18,000份年度报告的数据汇编和清理.
- 对三种类型的细菌 (大肠杆菌,肠球菌和总异质型细菌) 和相关生物制剂报告的度的分析.
- 对单个参数和结合的细菌和生物制剂数据的不合规率的计算.
主要成果:
- 报告中很大一部分 (23%) 缺乏所需的细菌数据.
- 总体而言,不合规率很低:细菌 (大肠杆菌,肠球菌) 的<3%,生物制剂的<10%.
- 报告中不到2%的细菌和生物制剂都不符合规定,特别是在2020-2023年期间,合规性显著改善.
结论:
- 尽管存在数据报告缺口,但压载水处理系统通常显示有效符合VGP限制.
- 合规率呈现出积极的趋势,表明性能改善和遵守环境法规.
- 这些发现支持VGP框架在管理美国水域中压载水排放方面的有效性.
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