2014年至2022年中国老年人感染性疾病的流行病学分析:基于人口的研究
Sheng-Hong Lin1, Chen-Long Lv1, Meng-Jie Geng2
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China.
The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific
|December 8, 2025
概括
在全球范围内,老龄化人口面临传染病风险的增加. 在中国,性传播疾病或血液传播疾病在老年人中最常见,结核病和乙型肝炎需要有针对性的预防.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化带来了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 老年人特别容易受到传染病流行病的影响.
- 这项研究重点关注中国60岁及以上年龄人群的传染病.
研究的目的:
- 在中国老年人中分析21种可报告传染病 (NID) 的流行病学特征.
- 评估年龄,年龄和COVID-19大流行对NID发病率的影响.
- 识别高风险疾病和人口群体,以进行有针对性的干预.
主要方法:
- 在60岁或以上的个体中21次NID的数据是从中国传染病监测和控制项目 (CISDCP) (2014-2022) 中提取的.
- 分析了流行病学特征,包括发病率,疾病类别和趋势.
- 研究了特定年龄的发病率模式和区域差异.
主要成果:
- 报告了超过860万个NID病例,年发病率为362.10/100,000.
- 性传播或血液传播疾病 (STBD) 是最普遍的 (45.23%),梅毒和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的发病率不断上升.
- 呼吸系统疾病总体下降,但结核病仍然很常见;胃肠道疾病普遍下降,除了传染性腹和肝炎E. 布鲁塞洛斯在COVID-19大流行期间增加.
- 13种疾病呈现出逆转的"V"年龄特定发病率模式.
- 观察到区域差异很大,内蒙古-新疆和中国南部地区承担的负担更高.
结论:
- 尽管取得了成功,但中国在老龄化人口中控制传染病方面面临着持续的挑战.
- 结核病,乙型肝炎和传染性腹需要集中预防和控制策略.
- 干预措施应优先考虑高发病率地区和关键年龄组,以减轻老年人中NID风险.
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