老年人对短期抵抗训练量的肌肉质量反应:一项探索性临床试验
Kevan S Knowles1, Logan A Banks1, Vanessa C Cabrera1
1Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
Frontiers in aging
|December 8, 2025
概括
适度体积阻力训练显著改善老年人肌肉质量和力量. 增加训练量三倍并没有为肌肉质量或功能性能提供额外的好处.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 肌肉生理学 肌肉生理学
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的肌肉质量下降,而不仅仅是质量损失,导致力量减少.
- 通过超声波测量回声强度 (EI),测量肌内脂肪和纤维化,表明肌肉质量.
- 对老年人肌肉质量和力量的最佳抵抗训练量仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较中等和高体积抵抗训练对老年人肌肉质量,大小和力量的影响.
- 为了研究回声强度 (EI) 变化作为肌肉质量的标志物,在不同的训练量之后.
- 为了确定更高的训练量是否会在力量和功能性能的表现上产生更好的改善.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验,25名老年人 (平均年龄70岁) 被分配到中度 (每周12组) 或高 (每周36组) 的体积阻力训练.
- 训练包括膝盖伸展,陷杆死力和腿部压力达到一次重复最大的85% (1RM),每周两次,持续6周.
- 评估包括超声波 (横向巨,直腿骨EI和大小),腿质量,1RM强度,同位数/异动力四头肌强度和功能测试.
主要成果:
- 没有观察到显著的分组时间相互作用;较高的体积没有产生额外的益处.
- 在两组中,巨大的横向EI,肌肉大小 (VL,RF),膝盖延伸1RM和四头肌强度 (同位数,异动力学) 都有显著的改善.
- 腿直体EI,腿质量或功能表现没有显著变化;<25%的参与者表现出有意义的个体变化.
结论:
- 六周的适度体积阻力训练有效地提高了老年人肌肉质量和力量.
- EI的变化是肌肉特异性的,表明四头肌内的异质适应.
- 目前的培训量似乎足够,对于这些结果,培训负载的三倍化没有额外的优势.
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