在日本的卫生技术评估中量化疾病严重性:使用质量调整的生命年短缺的回顾性分析
Miwa Enami1, Akira Yuasa1, Shunya Ikeda2
1Japan Access & Value, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Journal of health economics and outcomes research
|December 8, 2025
概括
日本 日本 日本 日本 日本.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 卫生技术评估 卫生技术评估
- 药物经济学 药物经济学
背景情况:
- 日本的医疗技术评估 (HTA) 系统使用增量成本效益比率 (ICER) 与质量调整寿命年 (QALY) 进行药物定价.
- 目前的HTA框架缺乏疾病严重程度的定量评估.
- 这限制了对某些价格调整条件的准确评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估QALY缺陷是否符合日本HTA中现有的特殊考虑.
- 探索在HTA系统中使用QALY缺陷对严重性修饰物的影响.
- 评估量化严重性分类与当前基于政策的特殊考虑之间的一致性.
主要方法:
- 在日本的HTA中评估的32种药物的回顾性分析,截至2025年3月.
- 使用人口和比较器QALY数据计算绝对缺口 (AS) 和比例缺口 (PS).
- 根据AS和PS值定义严重程度类别 (×1.0,×1.2,×1.7).根据AS和PS值定义严重程度类别 (×1.0,×1.2,×1.7).
主要成果:
- 分析了25个目标人群,制造商和公众评估之间的AS/PS没有显著差异.
- 癌症和儿科疾病始终属于更高的严重程度类别 (×1.2或×1.7).
- 一种难以治疗的疾病被归类为低严重程度 (×1.0),而一些慢性/传染病在没有特别考虑的情况下被评为更高.
结论:
- 在日本的HTA系统中,QALY缺陷显示出识别未满足的健康需求的潜力.
- 癌症和儿科病例存在对齐,但某些严重疾病可能会被忽视.
- 进一步验证,标准化方法和利益相关者的共识对于实施QALY缺陷评估至关重要.
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