探索非传染性疾病的风险星座:来自北印度的社区研究
1Community Medicine, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, Chandauli, IND.
Cureus
|December 8, 2025
概括
非传染性疾病 (NCD) 由于广泛存在的风险因素,在印度农村地区构成了重大公共卫生挑战. 干预措施必须转向社区主导的战略,以应对这种非传染性疾病负担.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 农村卫生 农村卫生
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病 (NCD) 是印度农村地区日益严重的公共卫生问题.
- 在这些社区中,非传染性疾病的风险因素,包括行为因素和中间因素,非常普遍.
研究的目的:
- 调查北印度农村成年人中非传染性疾病风险因素的分布和聚类.
- 确定农村人口中非传染性疾病高风险状况的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 一项基于社区的横截面研究在印度北部瓦拉纳西地区的三个村庄进行.
- 25-64岁的425名成年人使用多阶段分层随机抽样进行了选择.
- 数据采集使用文化适应的WHO STEPwise调查问卷超过一年 (2019年2月 - 2020年1月).
主要成果:
- 行为风险的高患病率:不充分的水果/蔬菜摄入 (99.8%),身体不活动 (91.1%),高盐摄入 (~83%),烟草使用 (36.7%) 和酒精摄入 (21.9%).
- 中间风险包括高血压 (31.5%),中心肥胖 (28.9%) 和超重/肥胖 (25.4%).
- 53%的个人有高风险 (≥5个风险因素);年龄 (45-64岁) 和低学历是高风险状态的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 可修改的NCD风险因素的显著聚类需要从以个人为中心的转向社区范围的干预措施.
- 迫切需要实施宏观层面,社区主导的战略,以打击印度农村的NCD流行病.
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