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5岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染的医院调查:流行病学,季节性和并发感染
Baijayantimala Mishra1, Diksha Mohapatra1, Sailendra Panda1
1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Cureus
|December 8, 2025
概括
人类鼻病毒和Haemophilus influenzae是印度东部五岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要原因. 这凸显了需要有针对性的监测和疫苗接种战略来减少儿童疾病的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 呼吸道病毒学 呼吸道病毒学
- 细菌学 细菌学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 是幼儿疾病和死亡的主要原因,特别是在资源有限的地区.
- 了解特定的病原体,它们的季节性模式和共感染率对于有效的ARI管理和预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在印度东部的五岁以下儿童中引起ARI的常见病毒和细菌病原体.
- 分析这些呼吸道病原体的季节性分布和共感染模式.
- 为了将特定的病原体类型与呼吸系统疾病的严重程度相关联 (ARI与严重的ARI).
主要方法:
- 从2024年1月到12月进行了一项基于医院的观察性研究.
- 从5岁以下的儿童收集了209个鼻,喉或支气管洗样本,这些儿童在三级保健中心呈现了ARI/SARI.
- 多重聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 用于检测广泛的病毒和细菌呼吸道病原体.
主要成果:
- 病毒病原体在59.8%的病例中被确定,其中人类犀利病毒 (HRV) 和呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 是最常见的.
- 在45.45%的样本中检测到细菌病原体,主要是Hemophilus influenzae和Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- 观察到并发感染,在病毒并发感染中HRV-RSV是常见的,在细菌并发感染中*Streptococcus pneumoniae*和*H. influenzae*是常见的. 病毒感染在季风后达到峰值,而细菌感染在季风期间达到峰值.
结论:
- 人类犀利病毒和Haemophilus influenzae被确定为该儿科群体中ARI的主要致病原体.
- 这些发现强调了对呼吸道病原体的区域特异性流行病学监测的必要性.
- 建议改善诊断和有针对性的疫苗接种策略,以减少幼儿ARI的负担.
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