基于腺病毒载体的优化多表位新抗原人类细胞巨乳病毒疫苗产生强大的抗病毒免疫力
Shasha Jiang1,2, Xianjuan Zhang3, Heping Zhao1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Frontiers in immunology
|December 8, 2025
概括
一种新的重组腺病毒疫苗 (rAdMev) 针对使用多抗原表位体的人类细胞巨核病毒 (HCMV). 这种疫苗引起了强大的,持久的CD8T细胞免疫力,为抗击HCMV感染提供了有前途的策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 人类细胞巨乳病毒 (HCMV) 感染对脆弱人群构成重大风险,包括新生儿和免疫力低下的人.
- 目前,没有获得许可的HCMV疫苗可用,突出显示迫切需要有效的预防策略.
- 冠状病毒诱导强烈的CD8T细胞反应的能力激发了新型疫苗方法的设计.
研究的目的:
- 设计和开发一种新型重组腺病毒疫苗 (rAdMev),针对多种人类细胞巨核病毒 (HCMV) 表观.
- 评估rAdMev疫苗的免疫性和有效性,特别是在与蛋白质疫苗 (异种疫苗) 结合使用时.
- 研究疫苗诱导的免疫反应背后的机制,重点关注T细胞激活和记忆形成.
主要方法:
- 使用生物信息分析,从五个关键的HCMV蛋白 (pp150, pp65, gB, gH, IE1) 中确定了58个T细胞,66个Th细胞和15个B细胞表位.
- 用分子对接和流动细胞计学选候选表观素以检测免疫性.
- 选择的表位被纳入重组腺病毒载体,并采用混合原始计划 (腺病毒 + 蛋白质疫苗) 进行异种疫苗接种. 蛋白质组学被用来分析免疫反应.
主要成果:
- rAdMev疫苗显示出有利的MHC亲和力,免疫性和人口覆盖率.
- 通过rAdMev进行初级免疫,诱导出强烈的先天免疫反应,激活树突细胞并促进M1巨细胞的两极分化.
- 异种疫苗接种产生了强大的多功能CD8T细胞反应 (IFN-γ,TNF,IL-2,Granzyme B,Perforin) 并建立了持久的功效记忆T细胞.
- 接种疫苗通过PPAR信号通路激活脂肪酸β-氧化,增强线粒体生物发生和CD8 T细胞记忆形成in vivo.
结论:
- 一种新型的多表位复合腺病毒疫苗 (rAdMev) 已成功开发用于HCMV.
- 疫苗引起长期的抗病毒细胞免疫力,其特点是强大的CD8 T细胞反应和记忆形成.
- 这项研究提供了新的见解和有前途的疫苗候选人,用于预防HCMV感染.
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