胃癌的生存差异和预测因素:哈萨克斯坦 (2012-2023) 的基于人口的研究 (2012-2023)
Aidana Rakhmankulova1, Yesbolat Sakko1, Altay Kerimkulov2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Frontiers in oncology
|December 8, 2025
概括
在哈萨克斯坦,胃癌的发病率正在下降,但死亡率仍然很高,大多数病例的诊断迟到了. 改善早期检测和管理对于更好的患者结果和生存率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 胃癌是一个重大的全球健康挑战,特别是在哈萨克斯坦,其发病率和死亡率很高.
- 缺乏最近的国家数据,详细说明胃癌的临床特征,按阶段,组织学,生存率和并发症分层.
- 本研究通过分析国家注册信息来解决这些数据缺口,以了解哈萨克斯坦的胃癌趋势和结果.
研究的目的:
- 调查哈萨克斯坦12年来胃癌的流行病学.
- 分析患者的特征,生存率和胃癌相关风险因素.
- 提供数据,为该地区的胃癌预防和控制策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性队列研究,涉及来自哈萨克斯坦统一国家电子医疗保健系统 (2012-2023) 的33992名胃癌患者.
- 数据提取包括使用ICD-10代码 (C16.0-C16.9) 的人口统计,分期,组织学,治疗和并发症.
- 使用卡普兰-梅尔分析和考克斯回归来评估生存率和预测因素,使用世卫组织标准对年龄进行标准化.
主要成果:
- 年龄标准化胃癌发病率和死亡率下降,但在12年内患病率翻了一番.
- 大多数病例是在晚期 (III,II和IV阶段) 诊断出来的,一年和五年生存率分别为38.1%和17.1%.
- 晚期 (第四阶段:HR 3.48),年龄较大,复发,转移和癌症并发症是显著的死亡率预测因素;心血管和胃肠道疾病是常见的并发症.
结论:
- 哈萨克斯坦的胃癌的特点是晚期诊断和糟糕的生存结果.
- 需要有针对性的查计划和早期诊断干预措施.
- 改善伴随性疾病的管理对于改善患者的治疗结果和降低整体死亡率至关重要.
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