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尿中的-比和白内障风险:来自NHANES 2003-2006年和孟德尔随机化分析的见解

Li Yanan¹, Liu Qing², Zeng Jihong¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

Translational vision science & technology

|December 8, 2025

概括

尿中的- (Na/K) 比率与白内障风险降低有因果关系. 更高的Na/K比率可以防止白内障的发展,提供新的诊断和治疗见解.

科学领域:

眼科医生眼科眼科
营养科学营养科学
遗传流行病学遗传流行病学

背景情况:

在全球范围内,白内障是导致视力障碍的主要原因.
饮食中电解质的作用,特别是-比 (Na/K),在白内障病原体中的作用仍在研究中.
了解可修改的风险因素对于制定预防策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了研究尿路-比 (Na/K) 与白内障患病率之间的关联.
使用孟德尔随机化 (MR) 探索Na/K比率和白内障之间的潜在因果关系.
为了评估Na/K比对白内障发展的预测值.

主要方法:

利用了来自3,482名参与者的数据 (305名白内障患者,3177名对照) 在国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 2003-2006年.
使用多变量回归模型和分层分析来评估Na/K比率和白内障之间的关联.
应用接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线和k-最近邻居 (KNN) 模型用于预测值评估和门德尔随机化 (MR) 用于因果推理.

主要成果:

在白内障患者中观察到明显更高的尿Na/K比率 (P < 0.001).
所有三种回归模型和分层分析都表明Na/K比率和白内障之间存在显著的反向关联 (例如,OR = 0.860在模型1).
ROC曲线分析 (AUC = 0.790) 和KNN模型证实了Na/K比率的强有力的预测能力;MR分析表明了因果保护作用.

结论:

这项研究确立了尿中Na/K比较高和白内障风险降低之间存在显著的因果关系.
尿路Na/K比表明对白内障有很强的预测价值.
研究结果表明,Na/K比率是潜在的保护因素,也是白内障诊断和治疗的新目标.

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