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相关概念视频

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

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Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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The Buckingham Pi theorem provides a structured method to simplify fluid dynamics problems by reducing complex systems of variables to dimensionless terms.
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First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...
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Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics01:15

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Dimensionless groups in fluid mechanics provide simplified ratios that help analyze fluid behavior without relying on specific units. The Reynolds number (Re), which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces, distinguishes between laminar and turbulent flows, making it essential in the design of pipelines and aerodynamic surfaces. The Froude number (Fr), the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces, is particularly useful in predicting wave formation and hydraulic jumps in...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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在1 + ∞维度中复制液体理论.

Yukihiro Tomita1, Hajime Yoshino1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.

The Journal of chemical physics
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
概括

我们提出了一个结构玻璃的新理论,具有空间变化. 这种方法产生了精确的自由能量函数,并预测了在过渡附近的独特玻璃顺序参数配置文件.

科学领域:

  • 物理 物理学 物理
  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学
  • 统计力学 统计力学

背景情况:

  • 结构玻璃表现出复杂的行为,包括物理量的空间变化.
  • 了解玻璃过渡和相关的长度尺度在凝聚物质物理学中至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为结构玻璃开发一个精确复制的液体理论,沿一个轴进行空间变化.
  • 调查硬球的动态和静态玻璃过渡中的不同长度.
  • 在限制腔内分析玻璃顺序参数的空间概况.

主要方法:

  • 制定一个在无限横寸的极限中有效的复制液体理论.
  • 导出一个精确的自由能量函数,其中包含一个空间依赖的玻璃顺序参数, Δab(z).
  • 将理论应用于带有和没有限制腔的硬球体系统.

主要成果:

  • 该理论为空间变化的结构玻璃提供了准确的自由能量函数.
  • 差异长度的计算指数与以前的平均场模型结果相匹配.
  • 预测了空洞内的玻璃顺序参数的非微不足道的空间配置,显示了玻璃过渡附近的缩放行为.

结论:

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  • 开发的复制液体理论为研究空间不均结构玻璃提供了准确的框架.
  • 这些发现提供了关于玻璃过渡动态和空间异质性的见解.
  • 该理论的预测与现有模型保持一致,并为封闭系统提供新的预测.