经过处理的脑电学指导麻醉对术后妄想的影响:更新的系统综述和元分析
Lei Cao1, Qi Chen2, Yingying Xiang2
1Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
International journal of surgery (London, England)
|December 8, 2025
概括
经过处理的脑电图 (p-EEG) 引导的全身麻醉有效地减少了手术后妄想 (POD) 的发生率,特别是在老年患者和非心脏手术中. 这种神经监测方法还可以改善认知功能,缩短住院时间.
科学领域:
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
背景情况:
- 手术后妄 (POD) 是手术后的一种严重并发症,与长时间住院,认知衰退和死亡率增加等不良结果有关.
- 对POD有效的药理预防策略仍然难以捉摸.
- 经过处理的脑电图 (p-EEG) 引导的全身麻醉旨在减轻POD发展所涉及的过度神经抑制,但由于实践变化,证据是相互矛盾的.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估p-EEG引导全身麻醉在减少成年手术患者手术后 Delirium (POD) 的发生率方面的疗效.
- 评估p-EEG导向麻醉对术后认知功能障碍,住院时间和死亡率等相关结果的影响.
- 探索研究结果中异质性的潜在来源,包括区域差异.
主要方法:
- 在Medline,Embase和Cochrane控制试验中央注册册表中进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2025年1月.
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT),比较p-EEG引导全身麻醉与成人手术患者的标准护理.
- 统计分析使用随机效应模型来计算风险比率 (RR) 和平均差异 (MD),主要和次要结果的置信区间为95%.
主要成果:
- 涉及4523名患者的12个RCT表明,p-EEG引导全身麻醉显著降低了POD发生率 (RR 0.81,95% CI 0.69-0.95).
- 在老年患者 (≥60岁) 和接受非心脏手术的患者中,益处更为明显.
- 相关改善包括手术后认知功能障碍减少 (RR 0.66),住院时间缩短 (MD -0.90天),血管压缩剂使用减少 (RR 0.73);死亡率没有差异.
- 观察到显著的区域异质性,在欧洲和东亚/澳大利亚试验中显示有效性,但在北美研究中没有.
结论:
- p-EEG引导全身麻醉在减少POD发生率和相关并发症方面是有效的,特别是在高风险群体中,如老年人和接受非心脏手术的患者.
- 观察到的疗效差异突显出不同麻醉方案,区域实践和文化因素的影响.
- 根据p-EEG的指导,针对高风险的外科患者群体进行定制的神经监测策略的实施,以优化患者的治疗结果.
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