2020年至2023年美国劳动年龄成年人癌症死亡率按详细职业:基于人口的研究
Jacob D Lesinski1, Jingbo Yi2, Elizabeth Ghias2
1Medical Student Research Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
The Lancet. Oncology
|December 8, 2025
概括
在美国劳动年龄的成年人中,癌症死亡率因职业和性别而异. 渔业,采矿和葬礼指导等特定工作显示癌症死亡率较高,这表明工作场所的潜在暴露超出了已知的致癌物.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在高收入国家,癌症死亡率总体上正在下降,但在工作年龄的成年人中,某些癌症类型的死亡率正在上升.
- 这项研究解决了需要了解癌症死亡率的变化,在这个人口的职业.
研究的目的:
- 根据性别,癌症类型和详细职业来确定美国劳动年龄成人癌症死亡率.
- 确定癌症死亡风险明显较高的职业.
主要方法:
- 利用美国国家卫生统计中心和国家生命统计系统的数据 (2020-2023) 对20-64岁的成年人癌症死亡 (ICD-10代码C00-C99) 的数据.
- 使用459个详细的2010年美国人口普查职业代码和23个主要职业组的分类数据.
- 根据性别,职业和22个主要癌症部位计算了年平均年龄调整的癌症死亡率和置信区间.
主要成果:
- 平均年龄调整的癌症死亡率为男性每10万人中有55.2人,女性每10万人中有49.1人.
- 在渔业和狩猎工人,采矿机操作员,葬礼主管,动物训练员和两性饮食师/营养师中观察到最高的死亡率.
- 少数职业占男性癌症死亡总数的很大一部分 (428人中有18人) 和女性癌症死亡总数的很大一部分 (377人中有2人).
结论:
- 在劳动年龄的成年人中,美国癌症死亡率因性别,职业和癌症部位而有很大差异.
- 研究结果表明,工作场所的暴露超出已确定的致癌物质可能会导致癌症死亡率.
- 需要进一步的研究,以探索工作条件,结构不平等和医疗保健准入对职业特定癌症死亡风险的影响.
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