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东亚马逊森林底层的温度在2023-2024年达到创纪录的高点
Gabriel Hes1, Vincyane Badouard2, Benoit Burban3
1Centre Recherche Biodiversité Environnement, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, INPT, UMR5300, Toulouse, France. gabriel.hes@univ-tlse3.fr.
Scientific reports
|December 8, 2025
概括
在2023-2024年期间,亚马逊地区的创纪录的热浪显著影响了森林底层的温度. 在地面进行的测量显示了大量的增长,威胁到敏感的外热生物种类.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 亚马逊地区的研究
背景情况:
- 亚马逊雨林在2023年底和2024年因厄尔尼诺现象而经历了严重的高温和干旱.
- 关于地下气候影响的长期现场数据很少,这阻碍了对极端事件影响的理解.
研究的目的:
- 量化最近极端高温和干旱对亚马逊森林底层空气温度的影响.
- 评估森林树冠对温度波动的缓冲能力.
主要方法:
- 编制和分析了来自东亚马逊地区114个地面测量站点 (2014-2024) 的地下空气温度数据.
- 利用本地数据的 ERA5-Land 2m 空气温度数据来评估树冠缓冲效应.
- 在2023-2024极端事件期间比较下层温度与2014-2022参考期.
主要成果:
- 与2014-2022年基线相比,地下温度在2023-2024年上升了高达1.6°C.
- 从2014年到2024年,观察到每年0.04±0.03°C的显著变暖趋势,主要是由最近的极端事件驱动的.
- 森林树冠将平均温度降低了约2.0°C,最大温度降低了约4.6°C,但无法完全减轻2023-2024年的异常.
结论:
- 2023年至2024年的热异常导致了地下热环境的重大扰动,超过了典型物种的热.
- 这些发现突显出由于前所未有的变暖,低木生物多样性,特别是生态热植物受到重大威胁.
- 高度被确定为影响地下室内空间温度变化的关键因素.
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