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相关概念视频

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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通过泄漏的空间分离过程促进了合成气转化为高氧化物

Su Li1,2, Zili Ma3,4, Xinyu Zhong5,6

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
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概括

这项研究引入了新的Cu-Pd/SiO2和CoMn催化剂,以有效地将合成气转化为更高氧化物. 优化的催化剂实现了高选择性和转化,同时尽量减少不必要的副产品.

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科学领域:

  • 催化剂
  • 化学工程
  • 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 由于高碳转化,氧化物选择性和低C1副产品形成的困难,合成气直接转化为高氧化物具有挑战性.
  • 现有的催化剂往往难以平衡这些相互竞争的要求,从而限制了它们的工业应用.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种多功能催化剂系统,用于将合成气直接转化为更高氧化物.
  • 通过精确控制活跃地点安排和中间运输来克服现有催化剂的局限性.
  • 优化催化剂性能以实现高碳转化,氧化选择性和最小的C1副产品.

主要方法:

  • 开发具有颗粒堆叠架构的Cu_xPd_1/SiO2dCoMn催化剂
  • 系统优化 (Pd) 载荷,揭示了火山形状的关系.
  • 使用机理学研究,包括光谱证据和理论计算,以阐明催化途径.

主要成果:

  • 最优的催化剂Cu28Pd1/SiO2τυπCoMn,在27.3%的CO转化率下实现了44.4%的氧化选择性 (95.4%C2+OH/ROH) 低C1产物 (6.4%CO2,5.7%CH4).
  • 证明了Pd负载和催化性能之间的火山形关系.
  • 鉴定了孤立的Pd原子介导的溢出和催化剂组件之间的协同作用.

结论:

  • 开发的多功能催化剂有效地解决了直接将合成气转化为高氧化物的挑战.
  • 精确控制活跃站点和中间运输的空间安排对于优化催化性能至关重要.
  • 一个涉及PdCu单原子合金和Co0-Co2C接口的协同催化机制促进了高氧化物的有效形成.