人类细胞巨乳病毒相关的神经病变:从病理生理学到临床和治疗方面的综合性审查
Naomi Behanan1, Sarab Mohamed1, Rhona Chen2
1Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS
|December 9, 2025
概括
人类细胞巨乳病毒 (HCMV) 可以导致各种外周神经系统 (PNS) 疾病,包括神经病变. 大多数与HCMV相关的神经病是次要的,涉及自身免疫,需要及时的抗病毒和免疫调节治疗以获得更好的结果.
科学领域:
- 神经病毒学 神经病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 人类细胞巨乳病毒 (HCMV) 是一种常见的神经型疹病毒,会导致终身潜伏感染.
- 冠状病毒的重新激活可能导致各种疾病,包括神经病变,特别是在免疫受损的个体.
- 冠状病毒还可以触发自身免疫反应,导致组织损伤和病理.
研究的目的:
- 审查外周神经系统 (PNS) 参与HCMV感染的病理生理学.
- 讨论与HCMV相关的先天性和产后神经病变,包括视神经病变.
- 探索致病机制,临床表现和治疗影响.
主要方法:
- 文献综述侧重于病理生理学,临床表现和与HCMV相关的神经病变的治疗.
- 对直接病毒感染与二次免疫介导机制的分析.
- 关于先天性HCMV相关神经病变的案例演示.
主要成果:
- 与HCMV相关的神经病变是病原性异质的,包括直接感染和各种次要形式 (轴突性,脱髓化,免疫介导).
- 遗传性神经病变会影响听觉和视觉神经,由于胎儿的免疫不成熟,有不同的机制.
- 直接的神经感染由HCMV是罕见的,主要发生在免疫功能低下的患者;大多数病例是二次和自身免疫驱动的.
结论:
- 大多数与HCMV相关的神经病变是次要的,涉及复杂的致病机制,包括自身免疫.
- 治疗是经验性的,经常将抗病毒疗法与免疫调节方法结合起来.
- 及时和适当的管理对于改善HCMV相关的神经病变患者的治疗结果至关重要.
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