养老院过渡和自杀行为风险:一项基于丹麦登记册的全国性研究
Mette Reilev1, Martin Thomsen Ernst2, Carina Lundby3
1Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Age and ageing
|December 9, 2025
概括
养老院居民的自杀企图率在过渡前达到顶峰,然后在搬进后迅速下降. 了解和满足居民的需求对于在这个脆弱时期预防自杀行为至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 养老院居民面临重要的自杀风险因素,包括社会隔离,功能障碍和慢性疾病.
- 在关键过渡到养老院环境中的自杀行为尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 评估转移到养老院的个人中自杀和自杀企图的发生率.
- 描述在这个过渡时期完成的自杀和自杀企图中使用的方法.
主要方法:
- 利用全国性的丹麦卫生登记册来识别2015年至2023年间搬进养老院的个人.
- 自杀和自杀未遂的调查发病率 (IRs) 相对于搬进日期.
- 分析了在自杀行为中使用的具体方法.
主要成果:
- 在129,193人中,148人从2015年到2023年经历过自杀企图或完成了自杀.
- 自杀企图的IR在养老院搬进之前的一年升,在最后一个季度达到顶峰 (每10万人年610).
- 搬进后,尝试IR显著下降 (41-77比第五季度每10万人年),而完成的自杀IR保持稳定 (27比每10万人年). 吊死是最常见的自杀方法 (36%),自我毒害是最常见的尝试 (41%).
结论:
- 自杀企图率在养老院过渡前的时期是最高的,之后急剧下降.
- 在过渡到养老院后,完成自杀率似乎稳定.
- 改善对老年人的身体,认知和心理健康需求的支持对于预防在养老院过渡期间的自杀行为至关重要.
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