全球健康饮食对环境的影响和货币成本
Yan Bai1, Elena M Martinez2, Mizuki Yamanaka3
1Development Data Group, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA. ybai@worldbank.org.
Nature food
|December 9, 2025
概括
实现健康饮食与最低的温室气体排放是可能的和具有成本效益. 远离动物产品和粉主食可以显著减少对环境的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
背景情况:
- 人们越来越担心食品系统对环境的影响.
- 需要将饮食选择与人类健康和地球可持续性保持一致.
- 在全球范围内,有限的数据比较了不同饮食模式的成本和排放.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定健康饮食的最低可能的温室气体排放量.
- 将这些排放量与最便宜和最常见的饮食的成本和排放量进行比较.
- 为了确定驱动排放差异的关键食品组.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自171个国家的真实世界食品价格和温室气体排放数据.
- 模拟健康饮食以确定最低排放和最低成本的选择.
- 分析了与常用食品相关的排放和成本.
主要成果:
- 最低排放的健康饮食每份排放0.67公斤CO2e.
- 最便宜的健康饮食排放1.65公斤CO2e,成本为3.68美元.
- 通常消费的饮食排放2.44公斤CO2e,成本为9.96美元.
- 动物来源的食品和粉性主食是造成排放差异的主要原因.
结论:
- 可以实现更健康,更可持续的饮食,并显著降低对环境的影响.
- 饮食转变,特别是减少动物来源食品和粉主食,对于可持续性至关重要.
- 政策和个人选择可以有效地促进全球更健康,更可持续的粮食系统.
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