通过实验性埋葬的taphonomy解读Natufian葬礼实践
Nira Alperson-Afil1, Rivka Rabinovich2
1Institute of Archaeology, The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. nira.alperson-afil@biu.ac.il.
Scientific reports
|December 9, 2025
概括
纳图菲文化为死者建造了精心设计的坟墓,这是由于对分解的深刻理解. 这就需要大量的社会合作来建造坟墓和葬礼仪式.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 验尸考古学 验尸考古学
背景情况:
- 蓄意埋葬可以追溯到12万年前.
- 莱万特纳图菲文化 (大约. 在公元前15,000年) 在指定埋葬地点开发了石头建造的坟墓.
- 纳图菲人对精心设计的葬礼的投资表明了复杂的动机.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查纳图菲亚人详细埋葬背后的动机.
- 提供纳图菲亚式坟墓中沉积后过程的数据.
- 提供关于建造这些坟墓的激励因素的见解.
主要方法:
- 实验考古学:一头野猪被埋在一个类似纳图菲亚人的坟墓里.
- 对坟墓和其中的内容进行遗体安置后修改的分析.
- 评估分解,重力和幼虫活动的作用.
主要成果:
- 建造的坟墓提供了保护,但分解,重力和幼虫活动导致了显著的修改.
- 观察到的变化包括形状/尺寸的改变和石头/骨头的移位.
- 该实验量化了沉积后对坟墓内容和结构的影响.
结论:
- 纳图菲亚人的丧尸实践表明他们对死后变化有着复杂的理解.
- 坟墓主要是为了保护死者而建造的.
- 丧尸实践的复杂性需要强大的社交网络和集体仪式参与,这有助于社会结构的发展.
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