综合计算建模框架,将菌毒素污染,微生物危害和乳制品系统中的抗菌素耐药性风险联系起来
Ruby Khan1, Sumbal Khan2, Bakht Pari3
1Department of System Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland. ruby.khan@polsl.pl.
BMC microbiology
|December 9, 2025
概括
巴基斯坦的农场牛奶比家用牛奶更受M1 (AFM1) 和Ochratoxin A (OTA) 等真菌毒素的污染. 高温和高湿度增加了这种风险,需要采取有针对性的食品安全措施.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 菌类学 菌类学是指菌类学.
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 牛奶可能被有害的真菌毒素污染,造成健康风险,特别是在炎热和潮湿的气候.
- 牛奶中的真菌毒素污染是巴基斯坦开伯帕赫图肯瓦 (KP) 的一个重大问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估来自巴基斯坦KP的农场和家庭的生牛奶中真菌毒素 (亚毒素,甲毒素A,泽拉) 和相关基因的流行率.
- 识别导致牛奶中真菌毒素污染的环境因素.
主要方法:
- 用经过验证的TLC,HPLC和UHPLC-MS/MS方法对牛奶样本进行了亚毒素 (AFM1,AFM2),毒素A (OTA) 和泽拉伦 (ZEN) 的分析.
- 使用PCR检测出产生菌毒素的基因 (aflC, otaA, zen1) 的存在.
- 采用多变量统计和部分最小平方差异分析 (PLS-DA) 来关联化学,分子,微生物和环境数据.
主要成果:
- 与家庭牛奶相比,农场牛奶的AFM1,AFM2和OTA度明显高 (p < 0.001).
- 在68%的农场样本中检测到aflC和otaA基因,与AFM1和OTA水平相关; zen1缺席.
- 高温 (>28°C) 和湿度 (>75%) 与毒素污染的增加有关. 在PLS-DA中,AFM1,aflC和湿度被确定为关键风险预测因素 (AUC=0.92).
结论:
- 综合化学,遗传和环境分析为评估牛奶真菌毒素风险提供了强大的方法.
- 农场牛奶中较高的真菌毒素含量强调需要有针对性的监测和控制策略.
- 确定环境门和识别风险因素对于积极的食品安全干预和公共卫生保护至关重要.
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