美国牙科专家的地理接入
M S Rahman1,2, A Martinez1, H W Elani1,3
1Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, The Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Journal of dental research
|December 9, 2025
概括
地理差异限制了美国的牙科专家的访问,农村人口面临更长的旅行时间. 需要制定劳动力政策,以改善公平获得全面口腔卫生保健的机会.
科学领域:
- 牙科公共卫生 牙科公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
背景情况:
- 在美国,获得通用牙科护理是一个重大挑战.
- 许多口腔健康状况需要由牙科专家进行治疗.
- 人们对牙科专家的地理分布和可访问性,尤其是农村地区,了解得很少.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国六个核心牙科专业的地理分布和可访问性.
- 识别获取机会的差异,特别是农村人口的差异.
- 为公平的口腔卫生保健提供工作人员政策的信息.
主要方法:
- 一个国家,区块组级别的分析,地理上进入内牙科,口腔和面外科手术,正牙科,儿科牙科,牙周科和假牙科.
- 从2023年国家数据库中对38698名执业牙科专家的位置进行地理编码.
- 应用一个增强的两步浮动流域区域模型,用于空间可访问性得分和驾驶时间估计.
主要成果:
- 超过三分之一的美国人口有足够的机会进入专业牙科诊所;不到15%的人居住在距离牙科诊所超过30分钟的距离.
- ортодонтика的可访问性最高 (61.6%),而假牙的可访问性最低 (6.7%).
- 农村居民的驾驶时间比城市居民长3.2倍;超过98%的专家在城市地区执业.
结论:
- 由于城市集中,在全国范围内获得牙科专家的机会存在明显的地理差异.
- 这些差异对及时诊断,治疗质量和口腔健康相关的生活质量产生负面影响.
- 劳动力政策必须解决牙科专业短缺问题,并将专家纳入服务不足的领域,以获得公平的护理.
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