肺炎球菌结合疫苗在老年人和免疫力低下的个体
Viravarn Luvira1,2, Thundon Ngamprasertchai3, Punnee Pitisuttithum1,2
1Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Expert review of vaccines
|December 10, 2025
概括
肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 对老年人和免疫功能低下的人来说是有前途的,但需要更多现实世界的有效性数据. 免疫相关的IgG水平和opsonophagocytic测定有助于评估对肺炎球菌疾病的保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌病对健康构成重大风险,特别是在老年人和免疫受损患者等弱势群体中.
- 虽然有几种肺炎球菌结合疫苗 (PCV) 存在,但关于它们在这些特定群体中的免疫性和有效性的综合数据仍然有限.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地审查免疫反应,保护的相关性,有效性,现实世界的有效性和PCV在老年人和免疫受损个体的成本效益.
- 评估与这些人群中PCV使用相关的当前建议和挑战.
主要方法:
- 对PCV免疫性,疗效和有效性的现有文献进行系统审查.
- 对免疫保护相关的分析,包括抗体标位 (IgG) 和功能分析 (opsonophagocytosis).
- 检查现实世界的数据和成本效益分析.
主要成果:
- 建议使用高价值的PCV (20或21价值),具有不同的免疫保护相关性 (例如,IgG≥0.35μg/mL,opsonophagocytic测定≥1:8).
- 虽然免疫性,高价值的PCV与PCV13相比,共享血清型的几何平均折叠升高略低.
- 现实世界的有效性数据仍然很少,成本效益影响了疫苗选择,许多国家在高风险群体中使用PCV13/15和PPSV23.
结论:
- 标准化免疫学测试对于评估PCV反应至关重要.
- 进一步研究现实世界的有效性和血清型患病率对于优化老年人和免疫受损患者的PCV策略至关重要.
- 均衡疫苗的成本和有效性是全球实施的关键.
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