在垂直和水平跳跃期间下肢关节扭矩和功率对竞争性游泳中游泳开始表现的影响
Yusuke Ikeda1, Masaki Kawabe, Tetsuya Hisamitsu
1Department of Physical Education, Nippon Sports Science University, Yokohama-shi, Japan.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|December 10, 2025
概括
跳跃能力是游泳开始的关键. 虽然跳跃性能与飞行距离相关,但它不会在启动过程中直接改善质量中心速度,这表明不同的训练需求.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 游泳表现表现 游泳表现表现
背景情况:
- 跳跃能力对于优化游泳开始表现至关重要.
- 跳跃机制与游泳开始执行之间的关系需要进一步研究,以获得有效的训练.
- 了解下肢力量如何转化为游泳开始对于竞争性游泳者来说至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索在游泳开始过程中的动力参数与水平和垂直跳跃过程中的腿部肌肉功率输出之间的关系.
- 确定跳跃性能指标如何与游泳开始执行的特定方面相关.
- 为了确定下肢关节扭矩和功率对游泳开始速度的影响.
主要方法:
- 14名男子竞技游泳运动员进行了垂直跳跃 (VJ),式跳跃 (SJ) 和站立式远跳跃 (SLJ).
- 测量了运动参数,包括跳跃高度,水平距离,起飞速度,联合扭矩和功率输出.
- 评估了游泳开始的表现,重点是5米和10米的倍数和起飞时的质量中心 (CM) 速度.
主要成果:
- 跳跃期间的飞行距离与5米和10米的游泳开始表现有显著的相关性.
- 跳跃性能指标与游泳开始参数相关,强调跳跃方向的重要性.
- 跳跃指标与CM在启动过程中起飞时的垂直速度没有相关性.
- 更大的跳跃飞行距离与更高的膝关节和脚关节扭矩和功率相关,并且在启动过程中CM起飞角度偏差更大.
结论:
- 提高跳跃飞行距离需要不同的技术方法,而不是提高CM在启动过程中的水平速度.
- 有针对性的抵抗和压力训练,以及对CM定位的技术调整,可以提高游泳开始的表现.
- 需要明确的训练策略来优化跳跃相关的飞行距离和游泳开始的推进力.
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