在年轻人和老年人中,功能性电刺激的骨重新分配下肢关节的工作
Ningzhen Zhao1, Ross H Miller2, Lisa Griffin1
1Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 10, 2025
概括
功能电刺激 (FES) 帮助老年人通过改善脚机械和减少部工作来更像年轻人一样行走. 这种独立于年龄的干预措施显示了个性化移动的前景.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 神经肌肉生理学 神经肌肉生理学
- 康复工程 康复工程
背景情况:
- 老年人表现出改变的行走机制,其特点是脚减少和部功率输出增加,称为"远至近端再分配".
- 这种重新分配与较年轻人相比,老年人走路时代谢能量消耗较高有关.
- 功能电刺激 (FES) 是一种潜在的方法来调节这些与年龄相关的步态变化.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究FES对老年人和年轻成年人的脚和部机械工作在行走期间的影响.
- 为了确定FES是否可以减轻老年人机械工作的"远向近端再分配".
- 评估FES对不同年龄组的全身代谢能量消耗的影响.
主要方法:
- 10名年轻人和10名老年人以恒定速度 (1.25米/秒) 在跑步机上行走.
- 当前后地反应力超过人体重量的10%时,双边FES应用于肌底肌肉.
- 分析了动力和动力学数据,以量化关节机械功率和工作,以及代谢功率测量.
主要成果:
- 应用FES显著增加了脚机械功率和重新分配机械工作,导致所有参与者的脚和部贡献相对较大.
- 患有FES的老年人下肢关节再分配比率与没有FES的年轻人相似.
- 使用FES行走导致全身代谢功率略微但显著增加 (2%).
结论:
- 在老年人中,FES有效地减轻了关节机制的"远距离到近距离再分配",促进了更年轻的行走模式.
- 单体FES对步行力学和代谢成本的影响在年轻人和老年人之间是相似的.
- FES干预可以根据个人的功能需求量身定制,不论年龄如何,为改善步行提供一种多功能方法.
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