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非洲人群中与乳糖消化相关的遗传和环境因素
Jean Claude Hakizimana1, Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi1
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda.
Physiological genomics
|December 10, 2025
概括
由于遗传因素和饮食,非洲的乳糖消化有所不同. 虽然一些群体表现出乳糖持久性 (LP),但许多人经历了乳糖吸收不良 (LNP),受遗传和营养不良等环境因素的影响.
科学领域:
- 人类遗传学 人类遗传学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 人口健康 人口健康
背景情况:
- 乳糖消化障碍,主要是乳糖不持久性 (LNP),在全球范围内普遍存在,在非洲人群中频率不同.
- 遗传背景和饮食习惯显著影响乳糖消化,在一些非洲牧民群体中乳糖持久性 (LP) 的独立演变.
- 由于肠道损伤,原发性遗传LNP和二次性乳糖吸收不良都会导致非洲乳糖消化功能受损.
研究的目的:
- 审查影响非洲人口乳糖消化的遗传变异和环境因素.
- 突出祖先特异性变异,并解决以前的研究中非洲人口代表性不足的问题.
- 综合非洲乳糖持续性 (LP) 和乳糖不持续性 (LNP) 的当前知识.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA 2020标准进行了系统审查.
- 搜索了包括PubMed,非洲期刊在线,威利在线图书馆和谷歌学者 (1970-2025) 在内的主要数据库.
- 包括报告乳糖持久性 (LP) /LNP或二次乳糖消化受损的人类研究,提取有关变异,诊断和结果的数据.
主要成果:
- 包括28项研究,重点关注东非牧民 (53.3%).
- 在东非牧民中,LP等位基因 (-13910T, -14010C) 达到40%-43%;在南非,西非/北非群体中,LNP比率超过70%.
- 其次性乳糖消化受损影响了65%-68%的营养不良/感染儿童,与肠病和感染有关. 观察到基因型-表型差异.
结论:
- 在非洲,乳糖消化障碍是由于牧民的遗传适应和营养不良等环境压力因素造成的.
- 针对特定人口的诊断和干预对于解决不同非洲环境中的乳糖消化问题至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该整合微生物组和饮食研究,特别是在资源有限的环境中.
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