从胸部X射线进行肺部疾病严重程度分类的深度主动学习:在存在阶级失衡的情况下,用更少的数据学习
Roy M Gabriel1, Mohammadreza Zandehshahvar1, Marly van Assen2
1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 791 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
使用贝叶斯神经网络近似的深度主动学习显著减少了从胸部X射线分类COVID-19肺部疾病严重程度的标记数据. 这种方法保持了高的诊断性能,同时解决了阶级不平衡.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 阶级不平衡和需要大量标记数据的需求在医学图像分析中带来了挑战.
- 从胸部X射线 (CXR) 准确地分类肺部疾病的严重程度对于患者的管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 减少从CXRs. 进行肺病严重程度分类所需的标记数据的数量.
- 用深度主动学习和贝叶斯神经网络 (BNN) 近似来解决CXR数据集中的类不平衡.
主要方法:
- 从963名COVID-19患者中回顾收集了2319个CXR.
- 应用深度主动学习与BNN近似和权重损失函数用于疾病严重程度分类.
- 使用精度,AU-ROC和AU-PRC进行评估,比较各种采集功能.
主要成果:
- 最低信心策略在二进制分类中仅使用9.24%的训练数据实现了92.8%的准确性 (AU-ROC,0.95).
- 平均STD策略在使用21.87%的标记数据进行多类分类时达到70.5%的准确性 (AU-ROC,0.85).
- 超越了复杂的获取功能,大大减少了标签需求.
结论:
- 使用BNN近似和加权损失的深度主动学习有效地将CXR分析的标记数据要求降至最低.
- 这种方法保持或提高肺病严重程度分类的诊断性能,即使有类不平衡.
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