年龄和语言对中国语和英语时间认知的影响
1Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
PsyCh journal
|December 10, 2025
概括
语言和文化背景塑造了人们对时间的看法. 在L1中,说汉语的人使用面向未来的S-Time (空间-时间) 框架,而在L1中说英语的人使用D-Time (直接-时间) 框架,影响时间表达式的解释.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 文化神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 时间认知在不同文化中各不相同,影响着个人对时间的概念化和表示方式.
- 之前的研究表明,时间有不同的空间比喻,比如过去或未来的"前面".
- 已观察到与年龄相关的时间焦点变化,但与文化框架的相互作用不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 调查年龄和母语 (L1) 如何影响时间表征和时间空间比喻的使用.
- 为了比较年轻和年长的L1中文说话者与L1英语说话者之间的时间框架.
- 要确定文化背景是否决定了占主导地位的时间参考框架.
主要方法:
- 参与者:母语是中文 (L1中文) 和英语 (L1英语),分为年轻和年长的年龄组.
- 任务:解释模两可的时间表达式,评估时间焦点和空间隐喻.
- 分析:时间参考框架 (S-Time与D-Time) 的比较和与年龄相关的时间方向差异.
主要成果:
- 所有L1中文说话者,无论年龄如何,都表现出面向未来的时间视角,使用空间-时间 (S-Time) 框架.
- 在S-Time中",前面" (qian) 指的是过去",后面" (hou) 指的是未来,表明面向前方的方向.
- 英语说者主要使用直接时间 (D-Time) 框架,将"前面"映射到未来和"后面"映射到过去.
结论:
- 文化背景是占主导地位的时间参考框架的主要决定因素 (S-时间为L1中文,D-时间为L1英语).
- 虽然年龄可以改变时间焦点 (例如,未来与过去的导向),但它不会改变基本的文化参考框架.
- 这些发现突出了文化价值观和语言背景对抽象认知过程 (如时间表征) 的深刻影响.
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