对两种免疫主导的SARS-CoV-2核囊表观体的T细胞识别中的克隆限制和多样性的结构洞察
Ping Yuan1, Guodong Chen1, Yukun Li2
1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
Nature communications
|December 10, 2025
概括
对SARS-CoV-2核体蛋白表位LLL和SPR的T细胞反应在结构上有所不同. 了解这些差异可以为冠状病毒疫苗设计和T细胞识别的计算建模提供信息.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- T细胞对于清除SARS-CoV-2和建立长期免疫力至关重要.
- 保存的SARS-CoV-2核体 (N) 蛋白质是激活细胞毒性CD8+T细胞的有希望的疫苗标.
- 特定的N表位,LLL和SPR,引起了不同的T细胞反应模式:LLL是克隆性受限的,而SPR是多样化的.
研究的目的:
- 阐明SARS-CoV-2 N蛋白质表位LLL和SPR.不同T细胞识别的结构基础.
- 了解底层的结构机制限制与多样化的T细胞对这些表位的反应.
- 为设计冠状病毒疫苗提供结构性见解,并改进T细胞-表皮质相互作用的计算建模.
主要方法:
- 确定了具有LLL-HLA-A2和SPR-HLA-B7.7的T细胞受体 (TCR) 综合体的X射线晶体结构.
- 分析了负责TCR Vα基因使用和表位体识别多样性的结构特征.
- 将实验结构与AlphaFold预测模型进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在LLL特异性TCR中限制Vα基因使用的结构基础揭示.
- 确定了SPR识别的多种结构解决方案,解释了多样化的T细胞反应.
- 展示了AlphaFold在建模TCR--MHC复合体方面的能力和局限性.
结论:
- 结构上的差异决定了T细胞对SARS-CoV-2 N表位体反应的克隆性.
- 这些发现增强了对冠状病毒T细胞识别的理解,这对于疫苗开发至关重要.
- 为改善SARS-CoV-2和其他冠状病毒T细胞-MHC相互作用的计算预测提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
14.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.6K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
1.3K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
1.3K
Cross-reactivity
32.8K
Overview
32.8K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
1.6K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.6K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.2K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.2K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
8.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.4K


