卷积神经网络与人类在口腔损伤图像分类中的表现
Rita Fabiane Teixeira Gomes1, Jean Schmith2,3, Rodrigo Marques de Figueiredo2,3
1Department of Oral Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul - UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492 - Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-004, Brazil. ritafabgomes@gmail.com.
Journal of imaging informatics in medicine
|December 10, 2025
概括
一个卷积神经网络 (CNN) 在从图像中分类口腔病变方面超过了人类专家. 人工智能的最佳图像特征与人类评估的图像特征不同,需要标准化用于临床AI实施.
科学领域:
- 口腔病理学 口腔病理学
- 医学中的人工智能.
- 医疗图像分析 医学图像分析
背景情况:
- 精确的口腔病变分类对于诊断和治疗至关重要.
- 人工智能 (AI),特别是卷积神经网络 (CNN),在医学图像分类方面显示出潜力.
- 了解图像特征如何影响人类和人工智能性能是临床整合的关键.
研究的目的:
- 将CNN的诊断性能与人类专家对口腔病变的分类进行比较.
- 调查人工智能最佳图像特征是否与人类专家的图像特征一致.
- 确定图像标准化需求,以便在临床实践中可靠地实施AI.
主要方法:
- 通过对口腔病变的异质图像进行训练和测试,CNN被分为六种基本病变类型.
- 使用相同的图像数据集,CNN和人类专家之间的比较性能分析.
- 三轮评估评估了不同图像信息的人类专家的表现:感兴趣的区域,突出显示的病变和细分的病变.
主要成果:
- 美国有线电视新闻网 (CNN) 获得了77.5%的准确度,对感兴趣的区域进行了分类,超过了人类专家的47.5%准确度.
- 人类专家的准确性随着更多的图像信息而提高,在细分病变的情况下达到70.8%.
- 在使用CNN的训练图像模式时,一位专家略高于CNN的准确度 (78.3%与77.6%相比),但CNN表现相似,kappa系数为71.3%.
结论:
- 在口腔病变的分类方面,CNN显示出强大的潜力,通常表现优于人类专家.
- 优化AI分类性能的图像特征与人类评估者偏好的图像特征有很大不同.
- 标准化输入图像特征对于AI模型在口腔病变诊断中的可靠和有效的临床实施至关重要.
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