利用大型语言模型自动化门诊患者电子医疗记录的信息分类
Amima Shifa1, G G Md Nawaz Ali1, Roopa Foulger2
1Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 有效地分类来自电子病历 (EMR) 门户的门诊信息. 微调的GPT-4o在紧急检测和消息分类方面表现出卓越的准确性,提高了临床工作流程.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 临床传播 临床沟通
背景情况:
- 医疗保健产生了大量的非结构化文本数据,特别是来自电子医疗记录 (EMR) 门户.
- 对门诊信息的有效分类对于自动化工作流程和确保快速临床行动至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估大型语言模型 (LLM) 在分类现实世界门诊信息中的有效性.
- 将通用 (GPT-4o) 和特定领域 (BioBERT,ClinicalBERT) 的LLM与传统的基线进行比较.
- 在微调和少量学习场景中评估绩效.
主要方法:
- 利用来自伊利诺伊州中部医疗保健系统的非身份化门诊信息.
- 在微调和少数镜头设置中比较了GPT-4o,BioBERT和ClinicalBERT模型.
- 与TF-IDF+物流回归模型对比的LLM性能.
- 在符合HIPAA的框架内进行实验.
主要成果:
- 精心调整的GPT-4o实现了97.5%的紧急检测准确度.
- 微调的GPT-4o在完整的消息分类中达到97.8%的准确性.
- 在测试的配置中,GPT-4o模型显著超过了BioBERT和ClinicalBERT.
结论:
- 现代的LLM,特别是微调的GPT-4o,对于门诊患者的沟通分类非常有效.
- 在这个领域的LLM应用确保了解释性和遵守隐私法规.
- 这项技术在改善临床反应时间和工作流程效率方面具有重大潜力.
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