大脑衰老和与年龄有关的疾病中的微质细胞:朋友还是敌人?
Kentaro Ishikawa1, Risako Fujikawa1, Kayoko Okita1
1Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
International journal of molecular sciences
|December 11, 2025
概括
微质细胞,大脑的免疫细胞,随着年龄的增长而发生变化,导致神经炎症和认知能力下降. 调节这些细胞的策略可以预防与年龄相关的脑疾病和脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 人口老龄化为预防与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病和认知脆弱性带来了挑战.
- 慢性神经炎症和受微质细胞调节的细胞残渣清除受损与衰老和神经退行有关.
- 衰老会损害微质功能,导致监测减少,细胞化和炎症状态,加剧神经损伤.
研究的目的:
- 审查衰老,虚弱和神经退行症中的微质变化.
- 强调微质在大脑健康和疾病中的双重作用.
- 讨论调节微质功能以保持大脑健康和预防与年龄有关的疾病的策略.
主要方法:
- 审查目前关于微质细胞变化的证据.
- 对单细胞转录组研究的分析,确定了不同的微质子集.
- 强调微质变化的功能后果在衰老和疾病中.
主要成果:
- 衰老的微质细胞表现出降低的监视,运动性和细胞效率,采用一种促炎状态.
- 显著的微质子集,如CD11c+微质,表现出保护特征,包括增强的碎片清除和神经营养因子表达.
- 即使是保护性的微质表型在慢性炎症或病理条件下也可能变得有害.
结论:
- 微质细胞在大脑衰老,虚弱和神经退行方面发挥着关键的双重作用.
- 调节微质功能为维持大脑健康提供了潜在的治疗策略.
- 向微质通路可能是预防和治疗与年龄相关的认知衰退和神经退行性疾病的关键.
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