大学学生中饮食质量差的风险概况:多变量细分分析
Luis Moral-Moreno1, Elizabeth Flores-Ferro2, Fernando Maureira Cid3
1Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Centro de Enseñanza Superior Don Bosco, María Auxiliadora, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients
|December 11, 2025
概括
大学学生的饮食质量不佳,受到国家和社会经济地位等因素的影响. 战略必须局部化,促进校园内的健康饮食和体育活动.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 由于经济,文化和心理社会因素,大学生经常表现出不健康的饮食习惯,增加了慢性和精神健康障碍的风险.
- 随着COVID-19大流行,学生的饮食和体育活动 (PA) 模式发生了重大变化,需要了解饮食质量 (DQ) 的决定因素.
- 识别DQ差的风险概况对于开发针对不同学生群体的有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在智利,墨西哥,西班牙和意大利的大学生中确定与饮食质量差 (DQ) 相关的风险概况.
- 利用多变量细分分析来理解影响学生饮食习惯的因素的复杂相互作用.
- 为改善学生营养的文化和环境相关的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及686名大学生 (平均年龄22.4±5.1岁) 的横截面预测研究.
- 通过在线调查问卷收集的数据评估了社会人口统计学,学术,健康和生活方式因素,包括PA (国际体力活动问卷-简单形式) 和DQ (健康饮食指数).
- 分析使用描述性,推断统计和决策树模型 (CHAID和CART) 来进行细分.
主要成果:
- 在健康饮食指数 (HEI) 成绩中,在各国,研究领域,学年和PA水平 (p < 0.001) 中发现了显著差异.
- 智利和墨西哥的学生表现最低的DQ. 决策树模型的整体准确性很高,但平衡准确性有限,这表明识别风险小组的价值.
- 低DQ的关键决定因素包括居住国,社会经济地位,研究领域,PA和BMI,根据分析模型而异.
结论:
- 公共卫生战略应适应当地环境,在欧洲推地中海式饮食,在拉丁美洲改善获得健康食品的机会.
- 综合营养教育,体育活动推广和心理社会支持的校园举措对于提高学生福祉至关重要.
- 解决社会经济和地理因素对于减轻全球大学生饮食质量不佳至关重要.
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