饮食成分,免疫功能和IgE介导的食物过敏
1Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients
|December 11, 2025
概括
维生素A和纤维等特定营养素通过加强肠道屏障和免疫耐受性来促进肠道健康. 这些饮食成分,以及微生物信号,对于在生命早期建立口服耐受性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 全球日益增长的食物过敏是一个重大的公共卫生问题.
- 饮食,免疫发育和环境之间的复杂相互作用导致过敏.
研究的目的:
- 审查饮食成分促进肠道平衡的细胞和分子机制.
- 要突出关键的信号通路参与免疫耐受性对食物抗原.
主要方法:
- 文献综述专注于细胞和分子机制.
- 分析微生物群依赖和微生物群独立的小肠道.
- 检查视网膜酸 (RA) 和基碳化合物受体 (AhR) 信号轴.
主要成果:
- 像维生素A,纤维,醇化合物和蛋白质这样的食营养素可以增强上皮质屏障的完整性和耐受性免疫反应.
- RA和AhR信号汇聚到调节RORγt表达免疫细胞 (ILC3s,γδ IELs,Th17细胞),这对屏障功能至关重要.
- 这些途径还引导调节性T细胞子集和CD4+IEL,维持对饮食抗原的耐受性.
- RORγt+ APCs在生命早期,特别是在断奶时,在诱导外围Tregs方面发挥着作用.
结论:
- 饮食成分和微生物代谢物极大地影响肠道免疫反应和口服耐受性.
- 关键信号轴 (RA,AhR) 和特定的免疫细胞对于维持肠道平衡和预防过敏至关重要.
- 早期生活,特别是断奶,是通过饮食和微生物群相互作用建立免疫耐受性的关键窗口.
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