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对H13工具钢的不同增材制造方法的比较研究

Paweł Widomski¹, Marcin Kaszuba¹, Daniel Dobras¹

¹Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2025

概括

使用激光粉床融合 (LPBF) 和定向能量沉积 (DED) 的H13工具钢的增材制造 (AM) 产生适用于功能工具的高密度零件. 粘合剂喷射 (BJ) 在热处理后也显示出前景,与沉积建模和烧结 (FDMS) 不同.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
制造业工程制造工程
金工业是一种金工业.

背景情况:

增材制造 (AM) 允许使用H13热加工工具钢制造复杂的工具,从而减少浪费和生产时间.
增材制造为工具提供了合规冷却的潜力,提高了性能和寿命.

研究的目的:

为了比较H13工具钢的五种金属AM技术:FDMS,BJ,LPBF和DED.
为了评估AM H13工具钢的印刷式微观结构,多孔性和热处理反应.
确定不同AM工艺对于功能工具应用的适用性.

主要方法:

五种AM技术的比较:融合沉积建模和烧结 (FDMS),粘合剂喷射 (BJ),激光粉末床融合 (LPBF) 和定向能量沉积 (DED).
微结构分析,孔径测量和加工后热处理 (灭和炼) 的评估.
硬度测试 (HV0.5) 和微观结构的特征作为打印和热处理的样品.

主要成果:

FDMS和BJ显示出高孔度 (6-9%),而LPBF和DED实现了近乎完全的密集 (<0.1%).
在经过和火后,BJ样品获得了令人满意的硬度,并产生了二次碳化物沉.
在热处理后,LPBF和DED样本呈现出稳定的马氏体结构,硬度约为600HV0.5.
微观结构和碳化物分布取决于每个AM工艺的热史.

结论:

由于其优越的密度和机械完整性,LPBF和DED适用于功能性H13工具钢应用.
对于低密度原型而言,FDMS和BJ具有成本效益,但对于要求高的刀具而言不太理想.
热处理对AM H13工具钢的微观结构和硬度产生重大影响,过程特定的热历史起着至关重要的作用.

关键词:

化沉积建模和烧结 (FDMS) 技术在H13工具钢中.添加剂制造添加剂制造添加剂制造有针对性的能量沉积 (DED)热处理热处理的方法激光粉床聚变 (LPBF) 是一个微观结构的微观结构多孔性多孔性

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