认知性和社会经济劣势的脆弱性:个人,家庭,学校和社区背景的预测因素
Deena Shariq1, Rachel R Romeo1,2, Arianna M Gard1,3
1Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Developmental science
|December 11, 2025
概括
许多面临社会经济劣势的青少年表现出认知性. 这项研究确定了诸如郊区居住和双语等支持风险青年认知健康的因素.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 社会经济劣势往往与青少年的认知缺陷有关.
- 然而,许多年轻人表现出性,尽管逆境.
- 以人为中心的方法可以揭示发育异质性,并挑战以赤字为中心的观点.
研究的目的:
- 通过以人为中心的方法,在多样化的青少年样本中量化和描述认知异质性.
- 根据社会经济资源和认知功能来确定个人资料.
- 检查与低资源环境中的认知性与脆弱性相关的生态因素.
主要方法:
- 利用以人为中心和数据为导向的方法对青少年大脑认知发展研究 (N=9839).
- 根据社会经济资源 (SER) 和多领域认知表现,确定了四个不同的配置文件.
- 采用回归来识别个人,家庭,社区和学校层面的相关生态因素.
主要成果:
- 发现了四种情况:两种中等至高的SER (74.5%) 和两种低的SER (25.5%).
- 在低SER群体中,88.6%的人表现出认知性,表现与SER较高的同龄人相似.
- 认知脆弱性 (11.4%) 具有显著较低的表现 (1.3-2.3 SD低于平均值).
- 郊区居住,青春期成熟,双语和照顾者监测等因素与低SER年轻人的性有关.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了以赤字为中心的框架,突出了面临逆境的年轻人的认知异质性.
- 强调了识别特定背景风险和认知发展的保护因素的重要性.
- 支持对青少年发展的细微理解,承认性与脆弱性.
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