超越点击:像素跟踪技术和医院患者数据安全
Hilal Atasoy1, Ryan McDonough1, Guangyue Maria Zhang1
1Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.
PNAS nexus
|December 11, 2025
概括
数字跟踪像素在美国医院网站上普遍存在,增加了数据泄露风险. 这突出了监管差距,因为这些技术经常绕过健康保险可移植性和问责法案的保护,威胁到患者的隐私.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 网络安全 网络安全
- 数字健康数字健康
背景情况:
- 数字跟踪技术被广泛用于数据收集.
- 它们在医疗保健中的实施引发了严重的患者隐私和安全问题.
- 像HIPAA这样的现有法规可能不完全涵盖现代追踪方法.
研究的目的:
- 在美国医院网站上对像素跟踪进行大规模的实证分析.
- 调查像素跟踪和数据泄露风险之间的关系.
- 确定当前医疗保健隐私法规中的潜在漏洞.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自Wayback机器 (2012-2023) 的历史网站数据.
- 分析了美国医院网站样本上的像素跟踪技术的存在和类型.
- 与报告的数据泄露相关联的像素跟踪使用.
主要成果:
- 66%的分析医院网站使用像素跟踪技术.
- 发现第三方像素的使用显著增加了数据泄露的风险.
- 追踪像素通常在HIPAA等传统医疗保健隐私法规的范围之外运行.
结论:
- 像素跟踪在医疗保健中呈现了一个未被认可的网络安全漏洞.
- 重新评估隐私保护措施和监管监督医院数字追踪的必要性至关重要.
- 应对这些风险至关重要,因为医疗保健越来越多地采用数字工具.
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